Metabolomics in various Diseases

Metabolomics is a novel approach that potentials to enable the detection of states of disease, to categories the patients based on biochemical profiles and to monitor disease progression. Metabolomic analysis may also be able to orient the choice of therapy, identify responders and predict toxicity, paving the way to a customized therapy.

Metabolomics in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Metabolomics approach has revealed new opportunities in diagnostics of devastating disorders like neuropsychiatric disorders. Metabolomics-based technologies have the prospective to map early biochemical fluctuations in disease and hence provide a prospect to develop predictive biomarkers that can be used as indicators of pathological deviations prior to development of clinical symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Metabolomics in Metabolic Disorders: Metabolomics uses in the identification of metabolites not previously associated with metabolic traits highlight the importance and agitations of particular metabolites and advances novel strategies to prevent type 2 diabetes and illustrate biomarkers that can help with early detection, disease progression and therapeutic response. Consequently, the use of metabolomics in this area will continue to grow in basic research science and clinical medical applications.
Metabolomics in Cardiovascular Diseases: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death worldwide. There is a need for the development of particular diagnostic techniques, more effective therapeutic procedures as well as drugs, which can decrease the mortality rate in the course of CVDs. Metabolomic technologies may serve as diagnostic and/or prognostic tools that have the potential to significantly alter the management of CVD. Metabolomics can assist in the interpretation of perturbed metabolic processes, and improves our ability to understand the pathology of ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, and heart failure.
Metabolomic studies in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Metabolites from the nucleic acid and oxidative stress pathways are potential biomarkers for rheumatoid arthritis pathology. Metabolite profiles in rheumatoid arthritis plasma are associated to disease activity and treatment response. Metabolomic studies confirm the hypoxic nature of the inflamed synovial joint in rheumatoid arthritis.
Metabolomic studies in Systemic Lupus Erythematous: Low histidine levels have been identified in the serum of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and RA could explain the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease observed for both rheumatic diseases. Taurine and citrate levels in the SLE urine metabolome have potential utility as biomarkers for SLE nephritis subtype discrimination.
studies in Ankylosing Spondylitis: Metabolite levels in serum reflect an alteration in the vitamin D3 metabolism in ankylosing spondylitis. Metabolomic studies of patients and controls identified reduced levels of tryptophan in ankylosing spondylitis, probably due to IFN-γ expression in the disease.
Metabolomic studies in Psoriatic Arthritis: To date, no studies have directly compared psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis metabolomics profiles. The urine metabolome in psoriatic arthritis is correlated with the changes in disease activity induced by anti-TNF treatment.
Metabolomic studies in Osteoarthritis: The prediction model built from the urine metabolite concentrations correlates significantly with the Kellgren–Lawrence radiographic scores of osteoarthritis severity. The valine/histidine and the xleucine(isoleucine and leucine)/histidine ratios are potential biomarkers of the development of knee osteoarthritis.
Metabolomic studies in Gouty Arthritis: Uric acid is not a sufficiently informative biomarker of gouty arthritis and additional markers must be identified. Gouty arthritis also expresses the common core of serum metabolites found in other prevalent arthritis. This common set of metabolites could be useful for the development of improved diagnostic systems.
Metabolomics in Nephrology: The application of metabolomics in nephrology research has expanded from the initial analyses of uraemia to include both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of earlier stages of kidney disease. Chronic kidney disease, Diabetic nephropathy, Acute kidney injury, Kidney transplantation and End-stage renal disease